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The sympathetic system arising from T1 through L2 spinal segments expands to all visceral organs. Three cervical ganglia serve organs of the head. The transmitter dilates the pupil and activates the tarsus muscle holding the eyes wider open. The lacrimal gland secretes serous fluid to clear the cornea. The heart rate increases and the bronchi dilate. Salivary and gut functions generally decrease as does its circulation. Initially, the bladder & gut respond to eliminate excess weight for flight or fight sympathetic responses.
The sympathetic system arising from T1 through L2 spinal segments expands to all visceral organs. Three cervical ganglia serve organs of the head. The transmitter dilates the pupil and activates the tarsus muscle holding the eyes wider open. The lacrimal gland secretes serous fluid to clear the cornea. The heart rate increases and the bronchi dilate. Salivary and gut functions generally decrease as does its circulation. Initially, the bladder & gut respond to eliminate excess weight for flight or fight sympathetic responses.